Night leg cramps are sudden, painful muscle contractions—most often in the calves or feet—that occur during sleep. They are common and are more likely to affect certain groups of people.
People at higher risk include:
- Older adults: Night cramps become more common with age.
- Pregnant women: Especially during the second and third trimesters.
- People who stand or sit for long periods: Certain jobs can increase the risk.
- People who exercise intensely: Overuse or muscle fatigue can trigger cramps.
- People who are dehydrated: Not drinking enough fluids or losing a lot of fluid through sweating can contribute.
- People taking certain medications: Some medications, such as certain diuretics, statins, or other drugs, have been associated with muscle cramps in some individuals.
- People with certain medical conditions, including:
- Diabetes
- Peripheral artery disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- Hypothyroidism
- Nerve disorders or other conditions affecting the muscles or nerves.
What may help prevent night cramps
- Stay well hydrated.
- Stretch your calf and foot muscles before bed.
- Engage in regular, moderate physical activity.
- Wear supportive footwear during the day if appropriate.
- Review your medications with your healthcare provider if cramps began after starting a new one.
When to see a healthcare professional
Seek medical advice if your cramps:
- Occur frequently or are very painful.
- Last longer than several minutes or don’t improve with stretching.
- Are accompanied by muscle weakness, swelling, redness, numbness, or significant leg pain.
- Begin after starting a new medication.
Occasional night cramps are usually not a sign of a serious problem, but frequent or severe episodes deserve medical evaluation to look for an underlying cause.
